Day 18: Important Linux Commands Detailed Guide – cp, mv, nano, chmod Explained (Hindi)
🐧 Day 18: Linux Commands – Important Commands Detailed
Aaj hum sirf un commands ko detail me samjhenge jo real hacking, file handling aur system control me daily use hote hain.
🔥 1️⃣ cp Command (Copy – Bahut Important)
📌 Kya karta hai?
File ya folder ko copy karta hai.
📌 Basic Syntax:
cp source destination
📌 Example 1: File Copy
cp file1.txt file2.txt
👉 file1.txt ka duplicate file2.txt ban jayega.
📌 Example 2: Folder Copy
cp -r folder1 folder2
👉 -r ka matlab recursive (folder ke andar ka data bhi copy karega)
⚠️ Ethical hacking me reports, wordlists, payload files copy karne me ye command use hoti hai.
🔥 2️⃣ mv Command (Move & Rename – Very Important)
📌 Kya karta hai?
File ko move ya rename karta hai.
📌 Rename Example:
mv test.txt report.txt
📌 Move Example:
mv report.txt Desktop/
👉 Penetration testing me logs aur output files organize karne ke liye ye command useful hai.
🔥 3️⃣ nano Command (File Editing – Must Know)
Linux me file edit karna bahut important skill hai.
📌 File Open:
nano test.txt
Agar file exist nahi karti to create ho jayegi.
📌 Save Karne ke Liye:
Ctrl + O
Enter
📌 Exit:
Ctrl + X
👉 Real use:
Config file edit karna
Script modify karna
Payload edit karna
🔥 4️⃣ chmod Command (Permission Control – Extremely Important)
Ye hacking me sabse important commands me se ek hai.
Linux me 3 types ke permission hote hain:
Read (r = 4)
Write (w = 2)
Execute (x = 1)
📌 Numeric System:
| Number | Permission |
|---|---|
| 7 | rwx |
| 6 | rw- |
| 5 | r-x |
| 4 | r-- |
📌 Example:
chmod 777 script.sh
👉 Sabko full permission mil gaya.
⚠️ Lekin 777 secure nahi hota.
Better example:
chmod 755 script.sh
👉 Owner full control, baaki read + execute.
📌 Script Run Karne Ke Liye:
chmod +x script.sh
./script.sh
👉 Hacking tools run karne me yeh bahut important hai.
🔥 5️⃣ ip a Command (Networking – Very Important)
System ka IP address dekhne ke liye:
ip a
Output me aapko milega:
inet 192.168.1.5
👉 Ye aapka local IP address hai.
Networking aur scanning me ye command daily use hoti hai.
🔥 6️⃣ cat Command (File Reading)
File ka content directly terminal me dekhne ke liye:
cat filename.txt
👉 Logs aur output check karne me helpful.
🎯 Real Practice Lab (Do This Now)
mkdir lab
cd lab
touch script.sh
nano script.sh
Isme likho:
echo "Hello Hacker"
Save karo → Exit karo
Ab:
chmod +x script.sh
./script.sh
Output:
Hello Hacker
🔥 Congratulations — aapne apni first Linux script run kar li!
🧠 Real Hacker Advice
✔ Commands ratna mat
✔ Daily practice karo
✔ Har command ka real use samjho
✔ Permissions samajhna mandatory hai
Linux strong = Ethical hacking strong.
🎯 Day 18 Final Summary
✔ cp → copy
✔ mv → move/rename
✔ nano → edit file
✔ chmod → permission control
✔ ip a → IP address
✔ cat → file content
Ye commands 100% master kar lo.